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Suzanne Simpson, BaSC, BAH, RD Clinical Dietitian, SickKids Hospital
Canada's Food Guide has specific recommendations about the amount of grain we should be eating each day. It also recommends that 50% of the grains we consume should be whole grains.
What does this mean for someone who is following a gluten-free diet and for whom the most readily available whole grains are not an option? Most of our gluten-free products are made from cornstarch, potato starch, tapioca starch and white rice flours, which are not whole grain flours. However, there are many nutritious whole grain gluten-free flours available.
Whole grains have more nutrients and should be included in your diet even though you have celiac disease. Some examples of nutritious whole grains that are safe for celiacs are:
| Amaranth | Buckwheat |
| Corn (whole grain) | Cornmeal (whole grain) |
| Millet | Montina (Indian Rice Grass) |
| Popcorn | Quinoa |
| Rice (brown, wild) | Rice bran |
| Sorghum (whole grain) | Teff |
| Oats (make sure they are pure and uncontaminated) | |
Whole grains are cereal grains that retain the bran, germ and endosperm. Refined grains only retain the endosperm. The bran is the outer protective layer and contains fibre as well as B vitamins. The germ contains unsaturated fat, vitamin E, some protein, minerals and B vitamins. The endosperm contains carbohydrate, protein and B vitamins. When grains are refined, most of the bran and the germ are removed. This means that there is less fibre and fewer minerals and vitamins.
Since whole grain intake has been linked with reduced risk of chronic disease including heart disease and type 2 diabetes, it's important for celiacs to make the effort to eat healthily as well as gluten free.
Here are some tips for including whole grains in your gluten-free diet.
- Choose breakfast cereals that are made with whole grains. Check the label for "whole grains" to be sure. If you have a sweet tooth, mix whole grain cereals with some sweetened GF cereal or use some sweetener. Add fruit, ground flax or dried fruits.
- Look on the food label for information about fibre and sugar. I try to choose cereals and snacks that have less than 10 grams of sugar per serving and more than 3 grams of fibre per serving.
- Try to have a hot, whole grain cereal once or twice a week- pure uncontaminated oats/groats, buckwheat groats, enriched cornmeal, quinoa flakes, soy flakes, brown rice flakes. You could even mix a bunch of these grains and add some ground flax and raisins.
- Use amaranth in baking or as a thickener in gravies and sauces.
- Add some alternative whole grain flours such as sorghum, amaranth, teff or montina to your baking. There are recipes out there.
- Choose snacks based on whole grains such as such as amaranth crunchers, quinoa crunchies, popcorn, and homemade bars and muffins
- Add buckwheat flour to pancake mixes.
- Make side dishes count. Add variety and nutrition by choosing brown or wild rice, millet, quinoa, yams or legumes instead of the usual white rice or potatoes.
- Buy enriched or fortified grains when you can. Examples are enriched white rice, enriched corn meal/corn flour, enriched cereals, enriched pasta, enriched cereal bars and enriched flours and baked goods.
You know you have to read the ingredients on the label every time to ensure your food is gluten free but you should also check the nutritional content to make sure you are getting the recommended amounts of fibre and carbohydrates from your grain choices. The following table will help you to figure out your needs.
| AGE | GENDER | GRAMS OF FIBRE RECOMMENDED | GRAMS OF CARBOHYDRATE RECOMMENDED |
| 1-3 years | Both | 19 | 130 |
| 4-8 years | 25 | 130 |
| 9-13 years | Male | 31 | 130 |
| 14-50 years | 38 | 130 |
| > 50 years | 30 | 130 |
| 9-18 years | Female | 26 | 130 |
| 19-50 years | 25 | 130 |
| > 50 years | 21 | 130 |
| Pregnancy | 28 | 175 |
| Lactation | 29 | 210 |
Copyright © 2007, Canadian Celiac Association
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